Περίληψη

The ADP3806 is a high-frequency switch-mode Li-Ion battery charger integrated circuit (IC) designed by ON Semiconductor. This IC is integral to power management, particularly for lithium-ion batteries that are widely used in modern electronics and electric vehicles. The ADP3806 is notable for its efficiency and precision in charging mechanisms, addressing the increasing demand for reliable and efficient power solutions in contemporary technology. Lithium-ion batteries are the standard for portable power sources due to their high energy density and long cycle life. However, their performance and longevity significantly depend on advanced charging solutions. The ADP3806 addresses this requirement by providing robust and efficient charging mechanisms, which are critical for both consumer electronics and larger applications like electric vehicles and renewable energy storage systems. This IC supports multiple cell configurations and adjustable output voltage, enhancing its versatility and making it suitable for various battery configurations and applications. ON Semiconductor’s ADP3806 reflects the company’s dedication to innovation in semiconductor technologies. Known for its high end-of-charge voltage accuracy and programmable charge current options, the ADP3806 incorporates features such as soft-start functionality, power good monitoring, and frequency foldback during short-circuit conditions, ensuring both safety and efficiency in battery management systems. Its synchronous drive for external N-Channel MOSFETs further optimizes efficiency, making it a reliable choice for high-performance applications. In the broader context of power management and energy storage, the ADP3806 contributes to developing sustainable and efficient energy solutions. The continuous advancements in IC technology, as exemplified by the ADP3806, align with global efforts to enhance lithium-ion battery performance and reliability. Its development is backed by extensive research and reviews, emphasizing its critical role in meeting the power management needs of today’s technology landscape.

Historical Context and Industry Significance

The ADP3806, manufactured by ON Semiconductor, is a high-frequency switch mode Li-Ion battery charger integrated circuit. This IC plays a crucial role in the realm of power management, particularly in the charging of lithium-ion batteries, which are ubiquitous in modern electronics and electric vehicles. The significance of the ADP3806 is underscored by the increasing reliance on efficient and reliable power management solutions to meet the demands of contemporary technology. Lithium-ion batteries have become the standard for portable power sources due to their high energy density and long cycle life. However, their performance and longevity are highly dependent on advanced charging solutions. The ADP3806 addresses this need by offering a robust and efficient charging mechanism, which is critical for both consumer electronics and larger applications such as electric vehicles and renewable energy storage systems. As part of ON Semiconductor’s portfolio, the ADP3806 reflects the company’s commitment to innovation and excellence in semiconductor technologies. ON Semiconductor has a long history of developing cutting-edge components that drive advancements across various industries. The ADP3806, in particular, is designed to optimize charging efficiency and safety, which are paramount concerns in battery management systems. In the broader context of power management and energy storage, the ADP3806 contributes to the development of sustainable and efficient energy solutions. The continuous improvement in IC technology, as demonstrated by the ADP3806, aligns with global efforts to enhance the performance and reliability of lithium-ion batteries. This is evident from extensive research and reviews on the subject, such as the studies conducted by Lyu et al. on the failure modes of rechargeable lithium-based batteries and Hu et al. on advanced fault diagnosis for lithium-ion battery systems

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Επισκόπηση

The ADP3806 is a high-frequency switch-mode Li-Ion battery charger developed by Analog Devices Inc. (ADI)

. This integrated circuit (IC) is designed to efficiently charge lithium-ion batteries and is commonly used in portable electronic devices such as laptops and other mobile equipment. One of its key features is its ability to handle multiple cells, specifically offering selectable 3-cell or 4-cell operation, which enhances its versatility for different battery configurations. The ADP3806 supports adjustable output voltage ranging from 4.0V to 4.5V per cell, providing high end-of-charge voltage accuracy. This accuracy is ±0.4% at 25°C, ±0.6% from 5°C to 55°C, and ±0.8% from 0°C to 100°C. Additionally, it features programmable charge current options, including trickle charge, and uses bootstrapped synchronous drive for external N-Channel MOSFETs to improve efficiency. The IC integrates a soft-start function to reduce input current surge, achieved by gradually increasing the regulator’s maximum output current. It also incorporates safety and monitoring features such as power good monitoring, which ensures the output voltage remains within ±7.5% of its nominal value, and frequency foldback during short-circuit conditions to prevent runaway currents.

Τεχνικές Προδιαγραφές

The ADP3806 is a high-frequency switch mode Li-Ion battery charger IC developed by ON Semiconductor. This integrated circuit is designed to offer efficient and precise battery charging solutions, particularly for portable devices.

Voltage and Current Specifications

The ADP3806 is designed to handle a supply voltage input (VCC) ranging from -0.3 V to +25 V and features a high-side driver output (DRVH SW) that operates between -0.3 V and BST + 0.3 V

. The device is capable of managing a battery voltage that is adjustable through two external resistors, which enables accurate voltage setting. The high end-of-charge voltage accuracy is specified as ±0.4% at 25°C, ±0.6% from 5°C to 55°C, and ±0.8% from 0°C to 100°C. The ADP3806’s current sense amplifier features rail-to-rail inputs to maintain accuracy under low dropout and short-circuit conditions. The charge current is programmable using a DC voltage on the ISET pin, and the system current is sensed across an external resistor, producing a linear voltage output on the ISYS pin.

Safety and Protection Features

The ADP3806 includes several safety and protection features to ensure reliable operation. It is equipped with an undervoltage lockout mechanism to prevent operation under unsafe voltage conditions

. The device also has built-in electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection circuitry, although proper ESD precautions are recommended to avoid performance degradation or loss of functionality. The device’s absolute maximum ratings for various inputs, such as BST and SW to PGND, are specified to ensure safe operation within defined limits.

Εφαρμογές

The ADP3806 is particularly suitable for a wide range of applications including portable computers, high-frequency switch mode Li-Ion battery chargers, and various types of portable equipment

. It is also adaptable for trickle charge and programmable oscillator frequency settings.

Περιγραφή λειτουργίας

The ADP3806 is a sophisticated Li-Ion battery-charging integrated circuit (IC) that combines high output voltage accuracy with constant current control to simplify the implementation of constant current, constant-voltage (CCCV) chargers. This IC offers several features that make it suitable for a variety of applications, such as portable computers and fast chargers. The device is capable of Burst Mode operation, in which the internal power MOSFETs operate intermittently based on load demand. This mode can be enabled by tying the SYNC/MODE pin to SVIN or connecting it to a logic high (VSYNC/MODE > 1.5V). To disable Burst Mode operation and enable PWM pulse skipping mode, the SYNC/MODE pin should be connected to SGND. Pulse skipping mode offers lower output ripple compared to Burst Mode operation, especially at light loads, although it becomes comparable when the output load exceeds 100mA

. The ADP3806 integrates an uncommitted current sense amplifier that provides an analog output pin for monitoring the current through an external sense resistor. This amplifier can be used in various parts of the system requiring high-side current sensing. The device also includes a differential amplifier that senses the system current across an external sense resistor and outputs a linear voltage on the ISYS pin. The input common mode range for this amplifier extends from ground to VCC, allowing for accurate current control in both short circuit and low dropout conditions. The IC supports high accuracy voltage control, crucial for safely charging Li-Ion batteries, which typically have a specified voltage of 4.2V ±1% per cell. In a typical notebook computer battery pack, this results in a total voltage range of 12.6V to 16.8V, depending on the number of cells in series. As the battery approaches its final voltage, the ADP3806 transitions from constant current (CC) mode to constant voltage (CV) mode, ensuring safe and efficient charging. This transition is managed by a common output node of two amplifiers (gm1 and gm2) that control the voltage at the COMP pin. The ADP3806’s synchronous driver provides high efficiency during high current charging, minimizing heat generation and remaining within the power limits of the AC adapter. The inclusion of a bootstrapped high side driver allows the IC to drive two external NMOS transistors, simplifying the power stage and reducing system cost.

Σχεδιασμοί

When designing a system incorporating the ADP3806 IC, several critical considerations must be taken into account to ensure optimal performance and reliability.

Voltage Accuracy and Control

The ADP3806 offers high output voltage accuracy, making it ideal for precise battery charging applications. The device supports three selectable battery voltage options: 12.525 V/16.700 V, 12.600 V/16.800 V, and an adjustable option. The high end-of-charge voltage accuracy is maintained within ±0.4% at 25°C, ±0.6% over the range of 5°C to 55°C, and ±0.7% from 0°C to 85°C

. This precision is essential for maintaining battery health and ensuring safe operation.

Programmable Charge Current

The ADP3806 allows for programmable charge current with rail-to-rail sensing, facilitating flexible design choices to match specific application needs. This feature is complemented by system current sense capabilities with reverse input protection, enhancing the robustness of the charging system against potential faults

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Soft Start

To prevent inrush current during power-up, the ADP3806 includes a soft start feature. This function gradually ramps up the current, reducing stress on both the IC and the battery, thereby prolonging their operational life

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Temperature and Input Conditions

The design must also account for the operational temperature range and input conditions. The ADP3806 specifies battery sense input performance across varying temperatures and input voltages. For instance, at TA = 25°C and VCC ranging from 13 V to 20 V, the VBAT accuracy ranges from -0.4% to +0.4%

. Proper thermal management and adherence to these conditions are vital to maintaining the integrity and efficiency of the charging system.

Συχνότητα ταλαντωτή

The device includes an oscillator with a maximum frequency of 1000 kHz, and the frequency can vary between 210 kHz and 290 kHz when a capacitance of 180 pF is applied

. Designers should consider this variability when integrating the ADP3806 into systems that rely on precise timing for their operation.

Integration with Battery Management Systems

The ADP3806 can be integrated into a comprehensive Battery Management System (BMS) to enhance functionalities such as cell regulation, battery safety, and state of charge (SoC) evaluation

. This integration can optimize battery performance and extend the lifespan of the overall system.

Evaluation and Testing

Evaluation and testing of the ADP3806 integrated circuit (IC) by ON Semiconductor involves multiple components and procedures to ensure its performance and reliability in various applications.

Components and Functions

The ADP3806 IC includes several critical components designed for battery management and control:

• Cell Regulation: This involves various arrangements of battery cells to provide suitable functions to the battery system.
• CAN-bus Component: Applied for relating with control elements, enabling communication within the system.
• DC/DC Component: Converts the power source into a usable power supply for the IC.
• Battery Current Evaluation Component: Calculates the charging and discharging current situation.
• Battery Voltage Evaluation Component: Used to calculate the voltage situation within the battery.
• Temperature Evaluation Component: Checks the temperature case of selected cells to ensure optimal performance and safety.
• Data Flash Memory Component: Records data for evaluation, allowing for thorough analysis and monitoring of battery performance.

Voltage Variations and Temperature Impact

The ADP3806 IC is subjected to tests to investigate voltage variations under different temperatures, known as the Open Circuit Voltage (OCV) test

. This test is critical for understanding how the IC and the battery it manages will perform in varying environmental conditions.

Charge–Discharge Standard Test Protocols (STPs)

Testing under charge-discharge standard test protocols (STPs) at different temperatures is conducted to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the IC’s performance. These protocols help in understanding the efficiency and reliability of the IC in real-world applications where temperature fluctuations are common

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Απόλυτα μέγιστες ονομαστικές τιμές

The ADP3806 IC has specific absolute maximum ratings to ensure it operates within safe limits.

• Input Voltage (VCC): -0.
• BAT, CS+, CS-: -0.3 V to VCC + 0.
• SYS+, SYS-: -25 V to +25 V
• BST: -0.
• BST to SW: -0.
• SW to PGND: -4 V to +25 V Adhering to these ratings is crucial to prevent performance degradation or loss of functionality due to electrostatic discharge (ESD) or other environmental factors.

Ordering Guide

The ADP3806 IC is available in different models with specific voltage descriptions and package options. These models include adjustable voltage options and specific fixed voltages such as 12.525 V/16.7 V and 12.600 V/16.8 V, packaged in TSSOP-24 with varying quantities per reel

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Operational Parameters

The IC operates efficiently within an ambient temperature range of 0°C to 100°C, with specific parameters for battery sense input, input resistance, and current, ensuring it meets the required performance criteria under various operational conditions

. By understanding and adhering to these evaluation and testing protocols, the ADP3806 IC by ON Semiconductor ensures reliable performance in high-frequency switch mode Li-Ion battery charger applications.

Σύγκριση με παρόμοια ολοκληρωμένα κυκλώματα

The ADP3806 IC from Analog Devices is a versatile component designed for high-accuracy Li-Ion battery charging, and it shares several similarities and differences with other ICs in its family, such as the ADP3801 and ADP3802. Both the ADP3801 and ADP3802 are also designed to offer high accuracy in battery voltage control, combining this feature with constant charge current control and an on-board Low Drop-Out Regulator (LDO)

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ADP3806 vs ADP3801 and ADP3802

Voltage Accuracy and Temperature Range

The ADP3806 features high end-of-charge voltage accuracy with specifications of ±0.4% at 25°C, ±0.6% from 5°C to 55°C, and ±0.7% from 0°C to 85°C. This makes it highly reliable across a wide range of operating conditions

. In comparison, the ADP3801 and ADP3802 offer similar high-end voltage accuracy of ±0.4% at 25°C and ±0.75% over a broader temperature range from -10°C to +70°C, showcasing their robust performance in various environmental conditions.

Programmable Features

The ADP3806 provides flexible battery voltage options and programmable charge current with rail-to-rail sensing. It supports features such as system current sense with reverse input protection, soft start charge current, and undervoltage lockout. The IC is also equipped with a bootstrapped synchronous drive for external NMOS and a programmable oscillator frequency with an oscillator SYNC pin

. Similarly, the ADP3801 and ADP3802 are designed as stand-alone Li-Ion battery chargers with features like programmable charge current and high-end-of-charge voltage accuracy, ensuring efficient and reliable battery management.

Εφαρμογές

Both the ADP3806 and the ADP3801/ADP3802 are suitable for a variety of portable equipment applications. The ADP3806 is often used in portable computers and fast chargers due to its comprehensive feature set and high accuracy. On the other hand, the ADP3801 and ADP3802 are intended for use in cellular phones, portable computers, and wireless modems, making them versatile choices for different portable devices that require efficient battery charging solutions

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Εφαρμογές και περιπτώσεις χρήσης

The ADP3806 is a versatile high-frequency switch mode Li-Ion battery charger designed by Analog Devices, which is now part of ON Semiconductor. This integrated circuit (IC) is commonly used in a variety of portable electronic devices due to its efficient battery charging capabilities and flexible voltage settings.

Portable Electronics

The ADP3806 is primarily utilized in portable electronics, such as smartphones, tablets, and laptops. Its high-frequency switching capabilities allow for efficient charging, which is critical in portable devices where power management and battery longevity are paramount. The device can guarantee precise final battery voltages, making it suitable for sensitive applications where battery performance directly impacts device functionality

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Industrial Equipment

In industrial settings, the ADP3806’s robustness and precision make it an excellent choice for battery management in equipment that requires reliable power sources. This includes portable test equipment and field communication devices. The ability to set battery voltage with external precision resistors provides flexibility in various industrial applications, ensuring compatibility with different battery specifications

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Ιατρικές συσκευές

The precise voltage regulation and efficient charging provided by the ADP3806 are crucial in medical devices where consistent and reliable power is essential. Devices such as portable diagnostic tools and medical monitors benefit from the ADP3806’s capabilities, ensuring that they remain operational for extended periods without frequent recharging

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Ασύρματη επικοινωνία

Wireless communication devices, including portable modems and two-way radios, often rely on the ADP3806 for their battery management needs. The IC’s high efficiency and low dropout operation enhance the battery life of these devices, ensuring prolonged use in field operations without compromising performance

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Πλεονεκτήματα και περιορισμοί

The ADP3806 integrated circuit (IC) offers a range of features and benefits, but it also comes with certain limitations that must be considered for its effective application.

Πλεονεκτήματα

Ευρύ φάσμα θερμοκρασιών

The ADP3806 can operate within a wide junction temperature range of 0°C to 125°C, making it suitable for various environmental conditions

. This versatility allows for use in multiple industrial and consumer applications without performance degradation.

Προστασία ESD

The ADP3806 features proprietary electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection circuitry, which helps to safeguard the device against high-energy electrostatic discharges. This protection is crucial for maintaining the longevity and reliability of the IC, especially in environments prone to ESD events

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Flexible Voltage Ratings

The IC supports a flexible input voltage range of –0.3 V to +25 V and various other voltage parameters, making it adaptable to different power supply requirements

. This flexibility enhances its applicability across different electronic systems.

Advanced Power Management

The ADP3806 is equipped with an efficient power management strategy, which includes components like DC/DC converters, CAN-bus for control element communication, and current and voltage evaluation modules. These components collectively ensure optimal performance and power efficiency, making it suitable for applications in electric vehicles and other power-sensitive domains

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Soft-Start Functionality

The IC includes a RUN/SS pin that provides a soft-start function to reduce input current surge, enhancing the overall system stability during power-up. This feature is especially useful in applications where controlled startup sequences are necessary to prevent damage to the system components

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Περιορισμοί

Απόλυτα μέγιστες ονομαστικές τιμές

While the ADP3806 supports a broad range of voltage and temperature conditions, it is essential to note that exceeding the absolute maximum ratings can cause permanent damage to the device. These ratings are stress limits only and not indicative of normal operational parameters

. Therefore, care must be taken to ensure the IC operates within the specified limits to maintain functionality and reliability.

ESD Sensitivity

Despite the ESD protection, the ADP3806 remains sensitive to electrostatic discharge, and proper precautions must be taken to avoid performance degradation or loss of functionality. Handling and operational protocols must include ESD control measures to ensure the IC’s longevity

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Operational Complexity

The advanced features and components of the ADP3806, such as the soft-start functionality and complex power management strategies, can introduce additional design and operational complexities. Engineers must thoroughly understand these features to implement the IC effectively in their systems, which may require additional design and testing efforts

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Charging Control Precision

For applications involving Li-Ion battery charging, precise charge current control is crucial. The actual charge current can vary depending on the number of cells in parallel within the battery pack, typically ranging from 2A to 3A. Ensuring accurate charge current control is essential for safe and efficient battery charging

. By considering these advantages and limitations, engineers and designers can make informed decisions about the applicability of the ADP3806 IC in their specific projects, ensuring optimal performance and reliability.

Availability and Packaging

The ADP3806 IC by ON Semiconductor is distributed through various authorized vendors and distributors. Multiple online platforms provide purchasing options, each offering detailed information on pricing, quantity, and direct purchase links. Key distributors include Mars Electronics Limited, Direct Components, Shenzhen Shengyu Electronics Tech Limited, and many others, each ensuring the availability of the IC to a broad customer base

. For instance, distributors like Win Source and Bison Technologies Limited list the ADP3806JRUZ-12.5R7, a specific variant of the ADP3806 IC, among their available inventory. This availability across multiple suppliers ensures that customers can source the component as per their project requirements. The packaging of the ADP3806 typically follows standard industry practices for integrated circuits, ensuring the integrity and functionality of the IC during transportation and handling. The exact packaging details, including part numbers and orderable quantities, are specified by individual distributors and can be found on platforms like ALLDATASHEET.COM, which provides comprehensive datasheets and additional resources for the IC.